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Other governments did act, eliciting a very different response from civil society. 10 In these countries, civil society had to compensate for the lack of state action and press hard for authorities to take the situation seriously. Some governments took little action: those of Brazil and Mexico played down the impacts of the pandemic, 9 while those of Bolivia and Chile opted for conservative, pro-market approaches and refused to implement strong social policy responses. 8Įach government responded differently to the crisis. 7 New coalitions of media activists and NGOs launched campaigns on a wide array of social media platforms and apps to fight disinformation about the coronavirus. Mexican activists and human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) marked Mother’s Day with a virtual march for missing children. In Peru, activists glued pictures of coronavirus victims to the backs of chairs in a cathedral to honor the dead and raise awareness of government policies.Īt the same time, civil society actors took to social media more intensively than before and with new methods.

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In Colombia, people hung pieces of red cloth in doors and windows to signify dissatisfaction with the brutal economic impact of physical distancing policies and the lack of government help. In some cases, protesters adapted their methods to physical distancing rules.

6 Additionally, health workers across the region held demonstrations to call for better working conditions and proper protective equipment.

Protests spread, most commonly focused on the economic fallout from coronavirus-related restrictions, with demands for a reopening of the economy and better government support to mitigate the crisis. Rossi is a professor of political science at the Argentine National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) at the National University of San Martín, Buenos Aires, and a Humboldt senior fellow at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies.Ĭivic actors began to mobilize quickly. And without a social security net, Latin America’s informal economy continued out of necessity despite lockdown measures and increases in coronavirus cases and deaths.įederico M. Although governments did adopt emergency relief plans, funds arrived late and were generally insufficient for the many people who work in the informal sector and live in overcrowded slums. On top of previous grievances, popular frustration with government responses to the pandemic grew. 4 In Uruguay, a new right-wing coalition narrowed the right to strike-a move criticized by the International Labor Organization and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, who argued that it violated the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 3 In Bolivia, the interim authoritarian government used the pandemic to justify postponing a presidential election and clamping down on the democratic opposition, thus keeping itself in power. In Chile, this allowed the weak and delegitimized government to continue in power and postpone a referendum on a new national constitution, which had been a key demand of protesters. In many countries, the pandemic gave political authorities a respite from protest pressures. 2 Initially, fear of the virus and the implementation of physical distancing measures led to a sharp decrease in protest mobilization. Chronic inequalities and dissatisfaction with democracy had fueled massive street protests in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela in the months before the pandemic. The coronavirus crisis arrived in Latin America at a time when the region was already in turmoil. Civic Responses Amid Instability and Inequality The civil society dimension of the pandemic has been crucial in Latin America, while its implications have varied across the region. The Argentinian government, meanwhile, adopted serious measures that involved civil society in more cooperative forms of engagement. The Brazilian central government has refused to take the pandemic seriously, giving rise to myriad mobilizations and deepening the country’s political polarization. The experiences of Brazil and Argentina are instructive. 1 Governments’ responses to the crisis have differed dramatically crucially, this variation has determined the type of civic activism that has appeared in each Latin American country. By July 2020, the pandemic had spread alarmingly across the region and threatened to leave deeper poverty and inequality in its wake. In Latin America, the coronavirus pandemic has triggered an intense wave of civil society activity.

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